Lesson 9: Prohibition with "v-TE IKENAI"

In this lesson, we will focus on the grammar structure "v-TE IKENAI" in Japanese. This construction is used to express prohibition or something that must not be done. It is formed by combining the te-form of a verb with "ikenai."

Examples:

1. [Verb (te-form) + ikenai]

   - 電車で走っていけない。

     (Densha de hashitte ikenai.)

     Translation: "You must not run on the train."

   - 食堂で飲み物を持っていけない。

     (Shokudō de nomimono o motte ikenai.)

     Translation: "You must not bring drinks into the cafeteria."

   - ここで写真を撮っていけない。

     (Koko de shashin o totte ikenai.)

     Translation: "You must not take photos here."

Exercises:

1. Translate the following sentences to Japanese:

   a) "You must not smoke in this area."

   b) "We must not be late for the meeting."

   c) "They must not use their phones during class."

2. Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of "v-TE IKENAI":

   a) ここで寝ては _____________。(ikenai)

   b) 食べては _____________。(ikenai)

   c) 走っては _____________。(ikenai)

3. Create sentences using "v-TE IKENAI":

   a) "You must not eat in the library."

   b) "We must not talk loudly in the theater."

   c) "They must not play music on the bus."

Exercise Solutions:

1. a) "You must not smoke in this area."

   - このエリアで喫煙してはいけません。

     (Kono eria de kitsuen shite wa ikemasen.)

   b) "We must not be late for the meeting."

   - 会議に遅れてはいけません。

     (Kaigi ni okurete wa ikemasen.)

   c) "They must not use their phones during class."

   - 授業中に携帯を使ってはいけません。

     (Jugyōchū ni keitai o tsukatte wa ikemasen.)

2. a) ここで寝てはいけません。(ikenai)

   (Koko de nete wa ikemasen.)

   b) 食べてはいけません。(ikenai)

   (Tabete wa ikemasen.)

   c) 走ってはいけません。(ikenai)

   (Hashitte wa ikemasen.)

3. a) "You must not eat in the library."

   - 図書館で食べてはいけません。

     (Toshokan de tabete wa ikemasen.)

   b) "We must not talk loudly in the theater."

   - 劇場で大声で話してはいけません。

     (Gekijō de ōgoe de hanashite wa ikemasen.)

   c) "They must not play music on the bus."

   - バスで音楽を流してはいけません。

     (Basu de ongaku o nagashite wa ikemasen.)

Kanji Translation List:

- 電車 (でんしゃ) - densha - train

- 走る (はしる) - hashiru - to run

- 食堂 (しょくどう) - shokudō - cafeteria

- 飲み物 (のみもの) - nomimono - drinks

- 持つ (もつ) - motsu - to bring, to hold

- ここ (koko) - here

- 写真 (しゃしん) - shashin - photograph, photo

- 撮る (とる) - toru - to take (a photo)

- 禁煙 (きんえん) - kin'en - no smoking

- エリア (えりあ) - eria - area

- 喫煙 (きつえん) - kitsuen - smoking

- 会議 (かいぎ) - kaigi - meeting

- 遅れる (おくれる) - okureru - to be late

- 授業 (じゅぎょう) - jugyō - class, lesson

- 携帯 (けいたい) - keitai - mobile phone

Please refer to this Kanji Translation List as a reference while studying and understanding the lesson. Well done on completing the exercises! Keep up the good work!