Title: Japanese Causative Form Lesson
## Introduction to the Causative Form (使役形)
Hello everyone! Today, let's learn about the "Causative Form" in Japanese. The causative form is used when you want someone else to do something. By using the causative form, you can make others take actions or perform tasks. Let's dive into the details of the causative form!
### Grammar Explanation
The causative form is created by adding 「させる」 (saseru) to the plain form of a verb. Please note that the verb ending changes. For instance, the plain form verb "食べる" (to eat) becomes "食べさせる" (to make [someone] eat). Also, when the verb stem ends in the "う" (u) sound, it changes. For example, "見る" (to see) becomes "見させる" (to make [someone] see).
### Examples of Different Uses
1. **Encouraging Others to Take Action**:
- 彼女に英語を話させます。
- I make her speak English.
2. **Having Others Perform Actions for You**:
- 先生に質問を聞かせます。
- I have the teacher ask a question.
3. **Showing Respect or Politeness**:
- 上司に報告書を書かせました。
- I had the boss write a report.
4. **Preventing Others from Doing Something Using the Negative Form**:
- 子供たちに甘いものを食べさせないでください。
- Please don't let the children eat sweets.
5. **Making Others Take Action Willingly**:
- 彼に努力させるつもりです。
- I intend to make him put in effort.
### Practice Exercises
1. 彼女にピアノを弾かせます。Translate to English.
2. 兄に犬の散歩をさせました。Translate to Japanese.
3. 子供たちに外で遊ばせないでください。Translate to English.
4. 先生に新しいプロジェクトを担当させるつもりです。Translate to Japanese.
5. 田中さんにその本を読ませましたか？Answer in Japanese.
### Exercise Answers
1. I make her play the piano.
2. I made my older brother walk the dog.
3. Please don't let the children play outside.
4. I intend to have the teacher in charge of the new project.
5. Did you make Mr. Tanaka read that book?
Here is a list of kanji used in this lesson:
- 使 (saseru) - to make [someone] do
- 役 (yaku) - role, duty
- 行 (iko) - action, to go
- 促 (unagasu) - to encourage
- 質 (shitsu) - quality, question
- 尊 (son) - respect
- 敬 (kei) - respect
- 否 (iya) - negate
- 定 (tei) - intention
- 努 (dou) - effort
Feel free to utilize the causative form in various situations to enhance your communication skills! Good luck!
- 使 (つか) 役 (せき) - 使役 (しえき) - causative form
- 行 (い) - 行 (い) く - to go
- 促 (うなが) す - 促 (うなが) す - to encourage
- 質 (しつ) 問 (もん) - 質問 (しつもん) - question
- 尊 (たっと) 重 (う) - 尊重 (そんちょう) - respect
- 敬 (けい) う - 敬 (うやま) う - to show respect
- 否 (いや) - 否 (いや) - negate
- 定 (てい) 意 (い) - 定意 (ていい) - intention
- 努 (ど) 力 (りょく) - 努力 (どりょく) - effort
- 彼 (かれ) 女 (おんな) - 彼女 (かのじょ) - she, girlfriend
- 英 (えい) 語 (ご) - 英語 (えいご) - English
- 先 (せん) 生 (せい) - 先生 (せんせい) - teacher
- 上 (じょう) 司 (し) - 上司 (じょうし) - boss, superior
- 報 (ほう) 告 (こく) 書 (しょ) - 報告書 (ほうこくしょ) - report
- 子 (こ) 供 (ども) - 子供 (こども) - children
- 甘 (あま) い - 甘 (あま) い - sweet
- 遊 (あそ) ぶ - 遊 (あそ) ぶ - to play
- 努 (ど) 力 (りょく) - 努力 (どりょく) - effort
- 弾 (ひ) か - 弾 (ひ) く - to play (an instrument)
- 兄 (あに) - 兄 (あに) - older brother
- 犬 (いぬ) - 犬 (いぬ) - dog
- 新 (あたら) しい - 新 (あたら) しい - new
- プロジェクト - プロジェクト - project
- 担 (たん) 当 (とう) - 担当 (たんとう) - in charge of
- 田 (た) 中 (なか) さん - 田中 (たなか) さん - Mr. Tanaka
- 本 (ほん) - 本 (ほん) - book
- 読 (よ) ま - 読 (よ) む - to read
Title: Causative Form in Japanese - Taberu, Miru, Kuru/Suru Verbs
1. Causative Form for "Taberu" (to eat):
- Base Verb: 食べる (taberu) - to eat
- Causative Form: 食べさせる (tabesaseru)
To create the causative form for "taberu," replace the final "ru" with "saseru."
Example Sentences:
- 私は友達にケーキを食べさせました。 (Watashi wa tomodachi ni keeki o tabesasemashita.)
(I made my friend eat the cake.)
- 先生は生徒に野菜を食べさせます。 (Sensei wa seito ni yasai o tabesasemasu.)
(The teacher makes the students eat vegetables.)
2. Causative Form for "Miru" (to see/watch):
- Base Verb: 見る (miru) - to see/watch
- Causative Form: 見させる (misaseru)
To create the causative form for "miru," replace the final "ru" with "saseru."
Example Sentences:
- 彼女は私に映画を見させました。 (Kanojo wa watashi ni eiga o misasemashita.)
(She made me watch the movie.)
- 親は子供に本を読むことを見させます。 (Oya wa kodomo ni hon o yomu koto o misasemasu.)
(Parents make their children read books.)
3. Causative Form for "Kuru" (to come) and "Suru" (to do):
- Base Verb: 来る (kuru) - to come / する (suru) - to do
- Causative Form: 来させる (kosaseru) / させる (saseru)
For the irregular verbs "kuru" and "suru," the causative form involves changing "kuru" to "kosaseru" and "suru" to "saseru."
Example Sentences:
- 先生は生徒に宿題をすることをさせました。 (Sensei wa seito ni shukudai o suru koto o sasemashita.)
(The teacher made the students do their homework.)
- 彼は私に来させる約束をしました。 (Kare wa watashi ni kosaseru yakusoku o shimashita.)
(He promised to make me come.)
Practice:
Now, let's practice using these causative forms in sentences:
1. Make a sentence using the causative form of "taberu" (to eat).
2. Create a sentence using the causative form of "miru" (to see/watch).
3. Formulate a sentence using the causative form of "kuru" (to come).
4. Construct a sentence using the causative form of "suru" (to do).
Here are some examples of causative sentences using Group 1 verbs:
1. 飲む (nomu) - to drink
- 私は友達にコーヒーを飲ませました。 (Watashi wa tomodachi ni koohii o nomasemashita.)
(I made my friend drink coffee.)
2. 書く (kaku) - to write
- 先生は生徒にレポートを書かせます。 (Sensei wa seito ni repooto o kakasemasu.)
(The teacher makes the students write reports.)
3. "追いかける" (oikakeru - to chase)
- 彼は犬を追いかけさせました。 (Kare wa inu o oikakesasemashita.)
(He made the dog run after something.)
4. 遊ぶ (asobu) - to play
- 子供たちは公園で遊ばせてもらいました。 (Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobasetemoraimashita.)
(The children got to play at the park.)
5. 歌う (utau) - to sing
- 彼女は私に歌を歌わせました。 (Kanojo wa watashi ni uta o utawasemashita.)
(She made me sing a song.)
6. 読む (yomu) - to read
- 親は子供に本を読ませます。 (Oya wa kodomo ni hon o yomasemasu.)
(Parents make their children read books.)
7. 泳ぐ (oyogu) - to swim
- 私たちは海で泳がせました。 (Watashitachi wa umi de oyogasemashita.)
(We made them swim in the sea.)
8. 話す (hanasu) - to speak/talk
- 先生は生徒に日本語を話させます。 (Sensei wa seito ni nihongo o hanasemasu.)
(The teacher makes the students speak Japanese.)
9. 笑う (warau) - to laugh
- そのジョークは私を笑わせました。 (Sono jooku wa watashi o warawasemashita.)
(That joke made me laugh.)
10. 買う (kau) - to buy
- 彼は彼女に新しいドレスを買わせました。 (Kare wa kanojo ni atarashii doresu o kawasemashita.)
(He made her buy a new dress.)
These examples demonstrate how you can use the causative form with Group 1 verbs to express actions made by someone else or actions you make others do.
Conclusion:
The causative form is a valuable tool in Japanese for expressing actions you make others do or actions done by others for you. By following the rules outlined for each verb type, you can easily create causative forms for verbs like "taberu," "miru," "kuru," and "suru." With practice, you'll become more proficient in using these forms to convey a wide range of actions in Japanese.
