Objective:
- To learn how to use ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) and がらない (GARANAI) to express negative desires and emotions in Japanese sentences.
Lesson Content:
I. Introduction:
- In Japanese, both ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) and がらない (GARANAI) are used to express negation in relation to desires and emotions. However, they have slightly different uses.
II. ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI):
- ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) is used to express that you or someone else does not want something or has no desire for something.
- It's formed by taking the stem of a verb or an adjective and adding ほしくない.
Example Sentences:
1. 寿司がほしくない。 (Sushi ga hoshikunai) - I don't want sushi.
2. 彼はテレビを見たくない。 (Kare wa terebi o mitakunai) - He doesn't want to watch TV.
III. がらない (GARANAI):
- がらない (GARANAI) is used to express that someone does not exhibit a particular emotion or state. It is often used to describe how someone is not showing signs of feeling a certain way.
- It's formed by taking the stem of an adjective and adding がらない.
Example Sentences:
1. 彼女は疲れがらない。 (Kanojo wa tsukaregaranai) - She doesn't seem tired.
2. 彼は怒りがらない。 (Kare wa ikarigaranai) - He doesn't seem angry.
IV. How to Form ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) and がらない (GARANAI):
- To form these negative expressions, you usually take the stem of a verb or an adjective and add ほしくない or がらない, respectively.
Examples:
- 食べる (taberu) - to eat
- 食べたい (tabetai) - want to eat
- 食べたくない (tabetakunai) - don't want to eat
- 寂しい (samishii) - lonely
- 寂しくない (samishikunai) - not lonely
- 寂しくないですか? (Samishikunai desu ka?) - Aren't you lonely?
V. Exercises:
A. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) or がらない (GARANAI).
1. 彼女はこの仕事をした_______。 (Kanojo wa kono shigoto o shit_______)
2. 私はチョコレートを食べ_______。 (Watashi wa chokoreeto o tabe_______)
3. 彼は笑顔を見せ_______。 (Kare wa egao o mise_______)
4. あなたはその映画を観た_______。 (Anata wa sono eiga o mit_______)
5. 私たちは疲れ_______。 (Watashitachi wa tsukare_______)
B. Translate the following sentences from English to Japanese, using either ほしくない (HOSHIKUNAI) or がらない (GARANAI).
1. They don't want to go to the party.
2. She doesn't seem sad.
3. I don't want ice cream.
4. He doesn't want to talk to you.
5. We don't feel tired.
VI. Exercise Keys:
A. Complete the sentences:
1. 彼女はこの仕事をしたくない。 (Kanojo wa kono shigoto o shitakunai)
2. 私はチョコレートを食べたくない。 (Watashi wa chokoreeto o tabetakunai)
3. 彼は笑顔を見せない。 (Kare wa egao o misenai)
4. あなたはその映画を観たくない。 (Anata wa sono eiga o mitakunai)
5. 私たちは疲れがらない。 (Watashitachi wa tsukaregaranai)
B. English to Japanese:
1. 彼らはパーティーに行きたくない。 (Karera wa paatii ni ikitakunai)
2. 彼女は悲しいとは見えない。 (Kanojo wa kanashii to wa mienai)
3. 私はアイスクリームをほしくない。 (Watashi wa aisukuriimu o hoshikunai)
4. 彼はあなたと話したくない。 (Kare wa anata to hanashitakunai)
5. 私たちは疲れがらない。 (Watashitachi wa tsukaregaranai)

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