Vnakereba narimasen" and "Vnakutcha"

In this lesson, you will learn how to express necessity and permission in Japanese using the phrases "Vnakereba narimasen" and "Vnakutcha." You will practice constructing sentences with these phrases and gain a better understanding of when to use them.

**Vocabulary:**

1. 行かなければなりません (ikanakereba narimasen) - must go

2. 食べなければなりません (tabenakereba narimasen) - must eat

3. 読まなければなりません (yomanakereba narimasen) - must read

4. 行かなくてはなりません (ikanakute wa narimasen) - must go (alternative form)

5. 食べなくてはなりません (tabenakute wa narimasen) - must eat (alternative form)

6. 読まなくてはなりません (yomanakute wa narimasen) - must read (alternative form)

7. 行かないといけません (ikanai to ikemasen) - must go (casual form)

8. 食べないといけません (tabenai to ikemasen) - must eat (casual form)

9. 読まないといけません (yomanai to ikemasen) - must read (casual form)

10. Vnakutcha - must V (casual)

**Grammar Explanation:**

"Ikanakereba narimasen" (or its alternative forms) is used to express the necessity of doing something. It is often used to convey that you must go somewhere or do something. Similarly, "Vnakutcha" is a casual and colloquial way of expressing the same idea, where "V" is replaced by the specific action you must take.

**Examples:**

1. 明日、学校に行かなければなりません。

   (Ashita, gakkou ni ikanakereba narimasen.)

   - "I have to go to school tomorrow."

2. 今日、本を読まなくてはなりません。

   (Kyou, hon o yomanakute wa narimasen.)

   - "I must read a book today."

3. この料理は辛いけれど、食べなくてはなりません。

   (Kono ryouri wa tsurai keredo, tabenakute wa narimasen.)

   - "This dish is spicy, but I must eat it."

4. 彼は仕事があるから、行かないといけません。

   (Kare wa shigoto ga aru kara, ikanai to ikemasen.)

   - "He has work, so he must go."

5. 明日はテストがあるので、勉強しなくちゃ。

   (Ashita wa tesuto ga aru node, benkyou shinakucha.)

   - "I have a test tomorrow, so I have to study."

**Exercise:**

Translate the following sentences from English to Japanese using "Vnakereba narimasen" or "Vnakutcha" based on the context:

1. I must read this book today.

2. They have to clean the room.

3. She must go to the doctor tomorrow.

4. We have to buy groceries.

**Exercise Key:**

1. 今日、この本を読まなければなりません。

   (Kyou, kono hon o yomanakereba narimasen.)

2. 彼らは部屋を掃除しなくてはなりません。

   (Karera wa heya o souji shinakute wa narimasen.)

3. 彼女は明日、医者に行かなければなりません。

   (Kanojo wa ashita, isha ni ikanakereba narimasen.)

4. 私たちは食料品を買わなくてはなりません。

   (Watashitachi wa shokuryouhin o kawanakute wa narimasen.)