**Introduction:**
In this chapter, we will explore the specific differences between the two -そう (-sou) forms for verbs of the third type (irregular verbs) in Japanese. We'll clarify how the V-ます (-ます) + そう (sou) form and the V-そう (V-sou) form are used to express desires, observations, and speculations, and when to choose one over the other.
**Section 1: V-ます (-ます) + そう (sou) Form**
1.1 **Definition and Usage:**
- The V-ます (-ます) + そう (sou) form for verbs of the third type is used to express personal observations, desires, or speculations about actions or situations.
- It conveys the speaker's own beliefs, wishes, or judgments regarding the likelihood of an action.
1.2 **Forming the V-ます (-ます) + そう (sou) Form for Irregular Verbs (e.g., する, suru; くる, kuru):**
- For する (suru), change する to し.
- For くる (kuru), change くる to こ.
- Add そう (sou) to the modified verb stem.
- Examples:
- する (suru) becomes し+そう (shisou) - It looks like I/you/he/she/they will do or I want to do.
- くる (kuru) becomes こ+そう (kosou) - It looks like I/you/he/she/they will come or I want to come.
1.3 **Examples of Usage:**
- Personal desire: 今日、ジョギングをし+そうと思います。 (Kyou, jogingu o shisou to omoimasu.) - I want to go jogging today.
- Observation: 彼は来週来る+そうですね。 (Kare wa raishuu kuru+sou desu ne.) - He looks like he'll come next week, doesn't he?
- Speculation about someone else's actions: 彼女はプレゼンテーションをする+そうです。 (Kanojo wa purezenteeshon o suru+sou desu.) - She seems like she'll do the presentation.
**Section 2: V-そう (V-sou) Form**
2.1 **Definition and Usage:**
- The V-そう (V-sou) form for verbs of the third type is used to express objective observations or hearsay information about actions or situations.
- It conveys that someone other than the speaker is likely to do something based on external information or observations.
2.2 **Forming the V-そう (V-sou) Form for Irregular Verbs (e.g., する, suru; くる, kuru):**
- For する (suru), change する to し.
- For くる (kuru), change くる to こ.
- Add そう (sou) to the modified verb stem.
- Examples:
- する (suru) becomes し+そう (shisou) - It looks like he/she/they will do (based on what I've heard).
- くる (kuru) becomes こ+そう (kosou) - It looks like he/she/they will come (based on what I've heard).
2.3 **Examples of Usage:**
- Reporting information from another source: 彼は来週来る+そうだと言っていました。 (Kare wa raishuu kuru+sou da to itteimashita.) - He said he will come next week (based on what he said).
- Objective observation: イベントの告知があり、たくさんの人が参加する+そうです。 (Ibento no kokuchi ga ari, takusan no hito ga sanka suru+sou desu.) - There's an announcement about the event, and it looks like many people will participate (based on the announcement).
Understanding the distinction between the V-ます (-ます) + そう (sou) and V-そう (V-sou) forms for verbs of the third type (irregular verbs) is crucial for effective communication in Japanese. Despite irregularities in these verbs, both forms serve different purposes. The former conveys personal desires, observations, or speculations, while the latter is used to report information from external sources or make objective observations about someone else's actions involving irregular verbs. Mastery of these forms will allow you to convey your thoughts and feelings accurately in various situations involving irregular verbs.
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